债市：警惕大涨后的回调风险

Pengenalan

百度 曾经被高度期待的奥巴马在竞选总统时，信誓旦旦要在当选后收拾华尔街肥猫们，然而甫一就任就变卦了。

Data adalah penting. Ia adalah satu kami belajar dan berkembang sebagai sebuah pertubuhan tagg sebuah gerakan, dan bagaimana kami boleh membantu menjadikan projek-projek ini lebih baik bagi mereka yang menggunakannya untuk mencipta, belajar, dan berkongsi. Pada masa yang sama, kami komited untuk merahsiakan data persendirian anda "selama tempoh yang sesingkat mungkin yang sejajar dengan penyelenggaraan, pemahaman, dan peningkatan Tapak-Tapak Wikimedia, serta kewajipan kami di bawah undang-undang Amerika Syarikat yang terpakai" (petikan daripada Dasar Privasi Yayasan Wikimedia).

Dokumen ini membantu menjelaskan bagaimana kami memenuhi komitmen ini, dengan menerangkan garis panduan kami untuk pengekalan data, reka bentuk sistem, dan pengauditan serta penyelenggaraan yang berterusan. Garis panduan ini bertujuan untuk menjadi satu dokumen hidup — ia akan dikemaskinikan sepanjang masa untuk mencerminkan amalan pengekalan semasa.

Kepada data apakah yang garis panduan ini diguna pakai?

Garis panduan ini diguna pakai kepada semua data bukan awam yang kami kumpul daripada Tapak-Tapak Wikimedia yang diliputi oleh Dasar Privasi.

Berapa lamakah kami mengekalkan data bukan awam?

Melainkan yang dinyatakan sebaliknya, kami mengekalkan jenis-jenis data berikut selama tidak melebihi tempoh masa yang berikut:

Jenis data	Asal	Contoh	Tempoh Pengekalan Maksimum
Maklumat peribadi	Dikumpul secara automatik daripada pengguna	Alamat IP pengunjung tapak (data operasi) Alamat IP subjek ujian A/B (data analisis) Maklumat ejen pengguna yang mengenal pasti pengunjung tapak	Selepas tidak melebihi 90 hari, ia akan dihapuskan, diagregat, atau dianonimkan
	Tetapan akaun	Alamat e-mel	Sehingga pengguna menghapuskan/menukar tetapan akaun.
Maklumat bukan peribadi yang dikaitkan dengan akaun pengguna*	Dikumpul secara automatik daripada pengguna	Data yang dikumpul oleh MediaWiki berkenaan kegiatan akaun pengguna (contohnya, pengguna mengunjungi laman sunting buat pertama kali, tarikh dan waktu pengguna mengesahkan alamat e-melnya)	Tak terbatas
		Data collected by EventLogging and associated with their user ID (e.g., whether an account was created on mobile, A/B test data for Getting Started)	After at most 90 days, it will be deleted, aggregated, or de-identified
	Diberi oleh pengguna	Logs of terms entered into the site's search box, or terms within prefilled links to the search engine that have been followed by user navigation	Selepas tidak melebihi 90 hari, ia akan dihapuskan, diagregat, atau dianonimkan
	Provided by a user	Language	Until user deletes/changes the account setting.
Maklumat bukan peribadi yang tidak dikaitkan dengan akaun pengguna*	Dikumpul secara automatik daripada pengguna	Mengira jumlah kali berlakunya peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu (contohnya permintaan HTTPS yang berjaya)	Tak terbatas
Rencana yang dilayari oleh pembaca	Dikumpul secara automatik daripada pembaca	Senarai rencana yang dikunjungi oleh pembaca	Selepas tidak melebihi 90 hari, jika dikekalkan sekalipun, kemudian dalam bentuk teragregat sahaja

Berapa lamakah kami mengekalkan data bukan awam?

Wikimedia hosts Wikipedia and the associated projects as part of our mission to collect, document, and freely distribute the sum of human knowledge to the world. Accordingly, when you make a contribution to any Wikimedia Site, including on user or discussion pages, you are creating a permanent, public record of every piece of content added, removed, or altered by you. The page history will show when your contribution or deletion was made, as well as your username (if you are signed in) or your IP address (if you are not signed in). We may use your public contributions, either aggregated with the public contributions of others or individually, to create new features or data-related products for you, or to learn more about how the Wikimedia Sites are used. If you mistakenly included your personal information in a contribution to a Wikimedia Site and you would like to have it removed, please consult the community's oversight policy. Keep in mind that the transparency and integrity of our sites' revision histories is essential to our mission, and the Foundation supports our community's right to reject oversight requests in order to protect the projects.

If you choose to register for an account with the Wikimedia projects, you will be asked to select a username. Usernames are retained until the user requests that the account be renamed, or goes through the community courtesy vanishing process.

For more information, see our Privacy Policy.

Takrif-takrif

Bagi maksud garis panduan ini:

• "Maklumat peribadi" bererti maklumat yang anda berikan kepada kami atau maklumat yang kami kumpul daripada anda yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti diri anda. Adalah dijelaskan bahawa walaupun kami tidak semestinya menguup semua jenis maklumat berikut, kami menganggap sekurang-kurangnya yang berikut sebagai "maklumat peribadi" jika sebaliknya ia bukan awam dan boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti diri anda:

• Some examples of "public information" would include:
  • (a) your IP address, if you edit without logging in;
  • (b) your gender, if it is disclosed under your user profile;
  • (c) any personal information you disclose publicly on the Wikimedia Sites, such as your real name or age.

• Some examples of types of information that are considered to be "nonpublic information" include:
  • (a) your IP address, if you edit while logged in;
  • (b) your email address, if you provided one to us during account registration (but did not post it publicly); and
  • (c) your general location information as might be derived from your IP address, if you have not posted it publicly. The types of information that are considered "nonpublic" as opposed to "public" are more fully explained in our Privacy Policy.

• Data is "de-identified" when it has been aggregated or otherwise retained in a manner such that it can no longer be used to identify the user.
• Data "diagregat" bila data yang dikaitkan dengan mana-mana pengguna tertentu telah digabungkan dengan data daripada orang lain untuk memapar trend atau nilai am tanpa mengenal pasti mana-mana pengguna tertentu.

Contoh bagaimana data boleh diagregat termasuk:

Menggunakan julat dan bukannya nombor khusus, seperti merekod bahawa terdapat "antara 1 dan 10 orang penyunting dalam bahasa X di negara Y" dan bukannya merekod bahawa terdapat 4 orang penyunting.

Terms that are not defined in this document have the same meaning given to them in the Privacy Policy.

Pengecualian bagi garis panduan ini

Jika kami membuat pengecualian bagi garis panduan ini, kami akan memaklumkannya kepada komuniti dengan menerangkan pengecualian tersebut dalam laman ini.

• * Data boleh dikekalkan dalam sandaran sistem buat tempoh waktu yang lebih lama, tidak melebihi 5 tahun.
• Maklumat (termasuk maklumat peribadi) yang dikumpul melalui penyertaan kaji selidik atau penyelidikan lain yang dijalankan oleh Yayasan Wikimedia akan dikekalkan sampai bila-bila atau sehingga kami menerima permintaan daripada peserta untuk dibuang daripada pangkalan data penyelidikan kami.
• When we conduct a survey or other research, we will provide you with a privacy statement specifying the term of retention for information (including personal information) collected through your participation in such research. In certain cases, information may be retained indefinitely for educational, development, or other related purposes, unless otherwise indicated in the relevant privacy statement. Such information may be retained in raw, aggregated, or de-identified form until we receive a request from the participant to delete the information.
• Research related to COVID-19: The Wikimedia Foundation Research team is conducting research regarding COVID-19 and its impact on Wikipedia. Retaining de-identified readership data from COVID-19 related articles will enable us to better understand how to prioritize content creation, to understand what happens to readership when there is a "shock to the system", and to empower the research community to answer such questions. By "COVID-19 related articles", we mean articles that link to the COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and 2019-2020 COVID-19 pandemic Wikidata items. For comparison purposes, we will retain data from a small number of articles unrelated to COVID-19 as well. In order to collect sufficient data, and obtain a picture of readership as time passes, we will be retaining this de-identified data beyond the 90-day retention limit, for a period of one year, ending on March 1, 2021. (Note that this includes a one-month extension due to staffing changes, in order to allow for the project's completion.). For technical details about the sampling and de-identification process, please see the project page on GitHub.
• Editing research: There is a short-term extension applying to data collected as part of experimental features to improve replying on talk pages. In order to collect and analyze sufficient data, this data must be kept beyond the standard 90-day period. The retained data will be deleted, aggregated, or de-identified within 180 days.
• Campaign landing pages: for certain events, campaigns, or marketing channels, users may create accounts on special landing pages. After creating their account on those pages, the association between their account and its source may be retained indefinitely, both to provide a good user experience for that account and for longitudinal analysis on campaign effectiveness. For more information, contact mmillerwikimedia.org.
• CampaignEvents extension: An exception exists for data collected by the CampaignEvents extension. The extension collects the global user IDs of event organizers and event participants, as well as which events users organized or attended and when participants registered for an event. In order for the extension features to work consistently, data collected by the CampaignEvents extension may be retained indefinitely.
• Sound logo contest: There is a short-term extension applying to data collected as part of contest entries to allow the brand studios team to evaluate entries in preparation for announcing the winner in February 2023. The retained data will be deleted, aggregated or de-identified within 90 days after the winner is announced.
• Webrequest table: There is a short, one-time extension for data from the wmf.webrequest table. This data needs to be retained longer than usual while we investigate a large amount of automated traffic impacting our readership metrics. The data will be retained for an extra 90 days beyond the ordinary 90-day deletion period. After the 180 days, the affected data will be purged and retention settings will reset back to 90 days.
• In rare cases, we, or particular users with certain administrative rights as described in our Privacy Policy, may need to retain your personal information, including your IP address and user agent information, for as long as reasonably necessary (which may be longer than the period described in the table above) to:
  • enforce or investigate potential violations of our Terms of Use, this Privacy Policy, or any Foundation or user community-based policies;
  • investigate and defend ourselves against legal threats or actions;
  • help protect against vandalism and abuse, fight harassment of other users, and generally try to minimize disruptive behavior on the Wikimedia Sites;
  • prevent imminent and serious bodily harm or death to a person, or to protect our organization, employees, contractors, users, or the public; or
  • detect, prevent, or otherwise assess and address potential spam, malware, fraud, abuse, unlawful activity, and security or technical concerns.

Audits and improvements

The Foundation is committed to continuous evaluation and improvement of these guidelines, and to periodic audits in order to identify such improvements. As we make changes to existing and systems, we will update these guidelines to reflect our changing practices.

Reka bentuk sistem baharu

Untuk menyokong tempoh-tempoh pengekalan data ini dan keseluruhan dasar privasi kami, alatan dan sistem baharu yang dilaksanakan oleh Yayasan akan direka bentuk dengan mengambil berat kira privasi. Ini termasuk:

• penyertaan garis panduan pengekalan data ini sebagai keperluan ketika proses reka bentuk;
• nasihat guaman ketika proses reka bentuk dan pembangunan; dan
• penyertaan pertimbangan privasi dalam proses kajian semula kod.

Pengendalian berterusan maklumat baharu

Walaupun kami berusaha yang terbaik dalam reka bentuk dan pemasangan sistem baharu, kami mungkin kadangkala merekod maklumat peribadi dengan cara yang menyalahi garis panduan ini. Sekiranya kami menemui kesilapan yang dilepas pandang itu, kami akan segera mematuhi garis panduan ini dengan menghapuskan, mengagregat, atau menganonimkan maklumat tersebut sewajarnya.

Contact us

Jika anda merasakan bahawa garis panduan ini berkemungkinan telah dilanggar, atau jika anda mempunyai sebarang pertanyaan atau ulasan mengenai kepatuhan dengan garis panduan ini, sila hubungi kami melalui privacywikimedia.org.

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terjemah

Laman-laman berkenaan privasi

• Dasar privasi
• Soalan Lazim
• Glosari istilah penting dalam kehidupan
• Soalan-soalan lazim
• Garis panduan pengekalan data
• Data publication guidelines
• Cookie statement
• Capaian kepada maklumat bukan awam
  • Perjanjian kerahsiaan
  • Bagaimana untuk serta
  • Exceptions
  • Pengecualian di bawah umur
  • Papan pengumuman
• Dasar penderma